Hydrocarbons:
Hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of (H)hydrogen and (C)carbon atoms.They can be straight-chain, branched chain, or cyclic molecules. Carbon tends to form four bonds in a tetrahedral geometry.
Pure Hydrocarbons are arenes, alkanes, alkenes and alkyne-based compounds composed entirely of carbon or hydrogen.
Impure Hydrocarbons consists of bonded compounds or impurities of sulphur or nitrogen.
All hydrocarbons are insoluble in water because of their relatively nonpolarity.
Structures of hydrocarbons can be differentiated on the basis of presence of bounds between carbon atoms. It may be single, double or triple.
Alkanes are made of only single bonds so are known as Saturated organic compounds.
Unsaturated organic compounds are those which have double or triple bonds.
Methane (CH4), a non-reactive hydrocarbon, is the most common hydrocarbon in the earth’s atmosphere.
Sources of Hydrocarbons:
- Hydrocarbons found naturally occur in crude oil where decomposed organic matter provides an abundance of carbon and hydrogen which, when bonded, can catenate to form seemingly limitless chains.
- Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas
- Vegetation, vehicle emissions, gasoline marketing and storage tanks, chemical industries, dry cleaning, fireplaces, natural gas combustion and aircraft traffic
- Petro-plants for example Euphorbia royleana, E.antiquorum, E.splendens and E.triculli convert a substantial amount of photosynthetic products into latex which contain liquid hydrocarbons.
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