Kingdom: Plantae
1. Seedless Plants (Cryptogamia) Flowerless Plants or Acotyledones
The name cryptogams refers to plants which reproduce by spores.The plants that do not bear seeds. For example: algae, lichens, mosses and ferns.
- Bryophyta, Mosses and Liverworts
a. Bryophytes are seedless, nonvascular plants that lack roots, stems and typical leaves. These have leaflike, stemlike, and rootlike structures.
b. Mosses (Musci) are simple,small and soft rootless plant with leaflike growths in a spiral around a stalk. They are held by rootlike threads called rhizoids.
c. Liverworts (Hepaticae - a genus of spring flowers or Marchantiophyta - a division of non-vascular plants) has a flattened leaflike body. This is also a rootless plant. Liverwort is the common name for Phlym Hepatophyta which are the nonvascular plants.
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Pterophyta : Are spore-producing vascular plants. These do not have seeds or pollen. Located in Terrestrial Environments. These form Carboniferous forests which leads to the formation of fossils fuels.
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Sphenophyta : Today, the sphenophytes consist of only one genus, Equisetum, with about thirty living species known worldwide. Also known as horsetails, foxtails, or scouring rushes. Grow in wet areas.
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Lycophyta : Lycopods are the club and spike mosses. These are small and inconspicuous group of plants Club mosses (Lycopodiales) are usually evergreen. The significant feature of lycophytes are microphylls. These are a kind of leaf which has arisen and evolved independently from the leaves of other vascular plants. The microphyll has only a single unbranched strand of vascular tissue, or vein, whereas megaphylls, found in other plants with leaves, have multiple veins, usually branching one or more times within the leaf. These form Carboniferous forests which leads to the formation of fossils fuels.
2. Seed Plants (Spermatophyta) : Spermatophytes constitute plants which produce the seed plants, or flowering plants. These Form following groups: